Engineering
Chemistry
Nucleophilic Substitution
Question

In Dow's process for the manufacture of phenol, PhCl is fused with NaOH at elevated temperature under pressure.
PhCl623K,300atmNaOH[Intermediate]H2OPhenol(A)+(B)+(C) side product
Which of the following statements are correct?

Phenol is formed via the formation of benzyne intermediate
p-phenyl phenol is also formed as a by-product
Diphenylether is also formed as a by-product
Biphenylene is also formed as a by-product
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Solution
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PhCl + NaOH given phenol as the major product

After the formation of benzyne, OH nucleophilic attack takes place. the reaction mixture also contains some phenoxide ions. So Diphenyl ether is a possible side product. 

Third by product is shown in the figure.

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