A mixture of two liquids X and Y was placed in a flask as shown in the given figure. The mixture was heated using a Bunsen burner. The boiling point of X is 230 K and that of Y is 250 K.
Which of the following statements is correct?
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This setup demonstrates fractional distillation, which separates liquids based on their different boiling points. The liquid with the lower boiling point (X, 230 K) will vaporize first. As these vapors rise through the fractionating column (Q to R), they are cooled and partially condense. However, the vapor of the lower-boiling component (X) condenses less readily than the vapor of the higher-boiling component (Y). Therefore, the vapor that reaches the top and condenses in the condenser will be richer in X, which is then collected in beaker S.
The correct statement is: The liquid 'X' distills over first and is collected in beaker S.